'In vitro electrophysiology', particularly using the patch-clamp technique, is a crucial method in neuroscience for studying live tissue slices. Developed in the 1970s by Nobel laureates Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, the patch-clamp technique allows researchers to measure the biophysical properties of ion channels on a millisecond scale. This method involves forming a Giga-ohm seal between the plasma membrane and the electrode, which can be in various configurations like cell-attached, whole-cell, or perforated patch, each offering different insights. The whole-cell configuration, for example, permits direct measurements of the cell's membrane potential. This technique is instrumental in understanding the electrical properties of cells and the densities of active and passive currents, crucial for insights into cellular behavior and disease mechanisms, such as Alzheimer's disease.